Organic pollutant accumulation in vegetation. Tao, S. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs in agricultural soil and vegetables from Tianjin. Total Environ. Siqueira, J.
CRC Cr. Plant Sci. Nzila, A. Update on the cometabolism of organic pollutants by bacteria. Sun, T. Roles of abiotic losses, microbes, plant roots, and root exudates on phytoremediation of PAHs in a barren soil. Soleimani, M. Phytoremediation of an aged petroleum contaminated soil using endophyte infected and non-infected grasses. Chemosphere 81 , — Cheema, S. Enhancement of phenanthrene and pyrene degradation in rhizosphere of tall fescue Festuca arundinacea. Ehleringer, J. Climate change and the evolution of C4 photosynthesis.
Trends Ecol. Gerhardt, K. Phytoremediation and rhizoremediation of organic soil contaminants: potential and challenges. Sage, R. The evolution of C4 photosynthesis. New phytologist , — Leme, D. Allium cepa test in environmental monitoring: a review on its application. Herrero, O. Toxicological evaluation of three contaminants of emerging concern by use of the Allium cepa test.
En , 20—24 Allium cepa test in environmental monitoring: A review on its application. Rank, J. Genotoxicity testing of wastewater sludge using the Allium cepa anaphase-telophase chromosome aberration assay. Mutat Res. Cabaravdic, M.
Induction of chromosome aberrations in the Allium cepa test system caused by the exposure of cells to Benzo a pyrene. Google Scholar. Fiskesjo, G. Allium test for screening chemicals; evaluation of cytological parameters. Plants for Environmental Studies , — Liman, R.
Determination of genotoxic effects of Imazethapyr herbicide in Allium cepa root cells by mitotic activity, chromosome aberration, and comet assay. Gee, G. Methods of Soil Analysis 4 , — Grant, I. Soil Processes. Sivaram, A. Impact of plant photosystems in the remediation of benzo[a]pyrene and pyrene spiked soils.
Fu, S. Rhizosphere respiration varies with plant species and phenology: a greenhouse pot experiment. Robichaux, R. Photosynthetic responses of C3 and C4 species from cool shaded habitats in Hawaii. Oecologia 47 , — Yamori, W. Temperature response of photosynthesis in C3, C4, and CAM plants: temperature acclimation and temperature adaptation. Parrish, Z. Accumulation of weathered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs by plant and earthworm species.
Chemosphere 64 , — Szmigielska, A. Low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids in rhizosphere soil of durum wheat. Food Chem. Casida, L. Soil dehydrogenase activity. Carter, M. Soil sampling and methods of analysis. CRC Press, Huang, X. A multi-process phytoremediation system for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soils. Plant-accelerated dissipation of phenanthrene and pyrene from water in the presence of a nonionic-surfactant.
Chemosphere 63 , — Jones, K. Organic chemicals in contaminated land: analysis, significance and research priorities. Land Contamination and Reclamation 4 , — Oleszczuk, P. Application of three methods used for the evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs bioaccessibility for sewage sludge composting. Bioresource Technol. Pfosser, M. Evaluation of sensitivity of flow cytometry in detecting aneuploidy in wheat using disomic and ditelosomic wheat—rye addition lines.
Cytometry 21 , — Determination of genotoxic effects of copper sulphate and cobalt chloride in Allium cepa root cells by chromosome aberration and comet assays. Chemosphere 75 , — Singh, N. A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Cell Res. Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.
Megharaj is the corresponding author. Correspondence to Mallavarapu Megharaj. Publisher's note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Reprints and Permissions. Comparison of plants with C3 and C4 carbon fixation pathways for remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soils.
Sci Rep 8, Download citation. Received : 19 September Accepted : 16 January Published : 01 February Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Scientific Reports By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Advanced search. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Download PDF. Subjects Environmental impact Restoration ecology. Abstract The phytoremediation technique has been demonstrated to be a viable option for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs contaminated sites.
Introduction Polycyclic aromatic compounds are a group of organic compounds that are categorized worldwide as priority pollutants of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and sediments, primarily because they can cause mutation, cancer and interfere with the reproduction of higher organisms 1. Figure 1. Full size image. Full size table. Table 2 Changes in soil enzymatic activities at 60 th and th day of phytoremediation. Figure 2. Figure 3.
Greenhouse experiment and conditions A preliminary screening test was conducted for 50 days before this experiment with 14 different plant species comprising nine plants with C3 and five plants with a C4 photosynthetic pathway to check the ability of plant species to withstand and degrade PAHs in contaminated soils References 1.
Article Google Scholar 6. Article Google Scholar 9. Article Google Scholar Google Scholar View author publications. Ethics declarations Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Additional information Publisher's note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material. The light reaction of photosynthesis is similar in both C3 and C4 plants. C4 plants uses C4 cycle or Hatch-Slack Pathway for the dark reaction of photosynthesis.
C4 plants are warm season plants, commonly seen in dry areas. C4 plants are abundant in tropical conditions. Leaves of C4 plants show Kranz Anatomy. In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts. In C4 plants, the carbon dioxide fixation takes places twice one in mesophyll cells, second in bundle sheath cells. C4 plants possess two CO2 acceptors primary acceptor and secondary acceptor. In C4 plants, the mesophyll cells will only do the initial steps of C4 cycle.
Subsequent steps are carried out in bundle sheath cells. Chloroplasts dimorphic: Those in the bundle sheath are large agranal and those in mesophyll are small and granal. Chloroplasts do have peripheral reticulum. In C4 photosynthesis, where a four-carbon compound is produced, unique leaf anatomy allows carbon dioxide to concentrate in 'bundle sheath' cells around Rubisco. This structure delivers carbon dioxide straight to Rubisco, effectively removing its contact with oxygen and the need for photorespiration.
What's more, this adaptation allows plants to retain water through the ability to continue fixing carbon while stomata are closed. C4 plants—including maize, sugarcane, and sorghum—avoid photorespiration by using another enzyme called PEP during the first step of carbon fixation. This step takes place in the mesophyll cells that are located close to the stomata where carbon dioxide and oxygen enter the plant.
PEP is more attracted to carbon dioxide molecules and is, therefore, much less likely to react with oxygen molecules.
PEP fixes carbon dioxide into a four-carbon molecule, called malate, that is transported to the deeper bundle sheath cells that contain Rubisco. The malate is then broken down into a compound that is recycled back into PEP and carbon dioxide that Rubisco fixes into sugars—without having to deal with the oxygen molecules that are abundant in the mesophyll cells.
C3 plants do not have the anatomic structure no bundle sheath cells nor the abundance of PEP carboxylase to avoid photorespiration like C4 plants.
0コメント