When a stent isn't used, four out of 10 people have restenosis. When a non-medicine-coated stent is used, two out of 10 people have restenosis. The growth of scar tissue in and around the stent also can cause restenosis. Medicine-coated stents reduce the growth of scar tissue around the stent and lower the chance of restenosis. When medicine-coated stents are used, the chance of restenosis is lowered even more, to around one in 10 people. Other treatments, such as radiation, can help prevent tissue growth within a stent.
For this procedure, the doctor puts a wire through a catheter to where the stent is placed. The wire releases radiation to stop any tissue growth that may block the artery. Recent studies suggest that there is a higher risk of blood clots forming in medicine-coated stents compared to bare metal stents nonmedicine-coated. The Food and Drug Administration FDA reports that medicine-coated stents usually don't cause complications due to blood clots when used as recommended.
When medicine-coated stents are used in people with advanced CAD, there is a higher risk of blood clots, heart attack and death. Taking medicine as prescribed by your doctor can lower the risk of blood clots. People with medicine-coated stents are usually advised to take an anti-clotting drug, such as clopidogrel and aspirin, for months to years to lower the risk of blood clots.
As with all procedures, it's important to talk to your doctor about your treatment options, including the risks and benefits to you. Please feel free to download and view our booklet on heart surgery information for patients and their families 1.
More information is available on the Cardiovascular Center Angioplasty and Stenting website page. Adult Appointments. Pediatric Appointments. Overview Coronary angioplasty is a medical procedure in which a balloon is used to open a blockage in a coronary heart artery narrowed by atherosclerosis. Angioplasty is a common medical procedure.
It may be used to: Improve symptoms of CAD, such as angina and shortness of breath. Reduce damage to the heart muscle from a heart attack. A heart attack occurs when blood flow through a coronary artery is completely blocked.
Angioplasty is used during a heart attack to open the blockage and restore blood flow through the artery. Reduce the risk of death in some patients. Unlike CABG, you won't be put to sleep for a short time Has a shorter recovery time Angioplasty also is used as an emergency procedure during a heart attack.
Your doctor will discuss with you the treatment options and which procedure is best for you. How Is Coronary Angioplasty Done? What to Expect Before Coronary Angioplasty Meeting With Your Doctor If your angioplasty isn't done as emergency treatment, you'll meet with your doctor before the procedure.
Your doctor also will order some routine tests, including: Blood tests An EKG electrocardiogram A chest x-ray When the procedure is scheduled, you will be advised: When to begin fasting not eating or drinking before the procedure.
Often you have to stop eating or drinking by midnight the night before the procedure. What medicines you should and shouldn't take on the day of the angioplasty. When to arrive at the hospital and where to go. What to Expect During Coronary Angioplasty Coronary angioplasty is performed in a special part of the hospital called the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Preparation In the cath lab, you will lie on a table. To prepare for the procedure: The area where the catheter will be inserted, usually the arm or groin upper thigh , will be shaved.
The shaved area will be cleaned to make it germ-free and then numbed. The numbing medicine may sting as it's going in. Steps in Angioplast When you're comfortable, the doctor will begin the procedure. You will be awake but sleepy.
What to Expect After Coronary Angioplasty After coronary angioplasty, you will be moved to a special care unit, where you will stay for a few hours or overnight.
The place where the tube was inserted may feel sore or tender for about a week. Going Home Most people go home 1 to 2 days after the procedure. When your doctor thinks you're ready to leave the hospital, you will get instructions to follow at home, including: How much activity or exercise you can do. When you should follow up with your doctor. What medicines you should take. What you should look for daily when checking for signs of infection around the area where the tube was inserted.
Signs of infection may include redness, swelling or drainage. When you should call your doctor. For example, you may need to call if you have a fever or signs of infection, pain or bleeding where the catheter was inserted, or shortness of breath. You may feel the urge to urinate often because of the effects of the contrast dye and increased fluids.
You will need to use a bedpan or urinal while on bed rest so that your affected leg or arm will not be bent. After the specified period of bed rest has been completed, you may get out of bed. The nurse will help you the first time you get up, and will check your blood pressure while you are lying in bed, sitting, and standing.
You should move slowly when getting up to avoid any dizziness from the long period of bed rest. You may be given pain medicine for pain or discomfort at the insertion site or from having to lie flat and still for a long time.
You will be encouraged to drink water and other fluids to help flush the contrast dye from your body. You will most likely spend the night in the hospital after your procedure.
Depending on your condition and the results of your procedure, your stay may be longer. You will get detailed instructions for your discharge and recovery period. Once at home, monitor the insertion site for bleeding, unusual pain, swelling, abnormal discoloration, or temperature change.
A small bruise is normal. If you notice a constant or large amount of blood at the site that can't be contained with a small dressing, tell your healthcare team.
If your doctor used a closure device at your insertion site, you will be given specific information regarding the type of closure device that was used and how to take care of the site. There will be a small knot, or lump, under the skin at the site. This is normal.
The knot should slowly disappear over a few weeks. It will be important to keep the insertion site clean and dry. Your healthcare team will give you specific bathing instructions. In general, don't use a bathtub or hot tub or go swimming until the skin has healed. You may be advised not to participate in any strenuous activities. Your healthcare team will instruct you about when you can return to work and resume normal activities.
Your doctor may give you other instructions after the procedure, depending on your particular situation. Health Home Treatments, Tests and Therapies. Stents Coronary stents are now used in nearly all angioplasty procedures. Why might I need angioplasty? What are the risks of angioplasty? Possible risks linked to angioplasty, stenting, atherectomy, and related procedures include: Bleeding at the site where the catheter is put into the body usually the groin, wrist, or arm Blood clot or damage to the blood vessel from the catheter Blood clot within the treated blood vessel Infection at the catheter insertion site Abnormal heart rhythms Heart attack Stroke Chest pain or discomfort Rupture of the coronary artery or complete closing of the coronary artery, needing open-heart surgery Allergic reaction to the contrast dye used Kidney damage from the contrast dye You may want to ask your healthcare team about the amount of radiation used during the procedure and the risks related to your particular situation.
How do I get ready for angioplasty? Your healthcare team will explain the procedure to you and you can ask questions. Follow any directions you are given for not eating or drinking before surgery.
Tell your healthcare team if you have any body piercings on your chest or belly abdomen. Tell your healthcare team if you have a pacemaker or other implanted device. You may get a sedative before the procedure to help you relax. Based on your health condition, your doctor may give you other instructions on how to get ready. What happens during angioplasty? Generally, angioplasty follows this process: You will be asked to remove any jewelry or other objects that may interfere with the procedure.
You will be asked to remove your clothing and will be given a gown to wear. You will be asked to empty your bladder before the procedure. You will be placed on your back on the procedure table. Sign up for free, and stay up-to-date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID, plus expert advice on managing your health. Error Email field is required. Error Include a valid email address. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information and to understand which information is beneficial, we may combine your e-mail and website usage information with other information we have about you.
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A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. This content does not have an English version. The following describes the angioplasty and stenting procedure. When the procedure is done, you lie still in one position while pressure is applied to the site to stop bleeding. You generally won't have stitches, but a dressing is applied to cover the small incision site. You'll then be taken to the recovery area. To avoid bleeding from the catheter insertion site, you need to lie relatively still for several hours.
You'll be either in the recovery area or in your hospital room. After the procedure, you may receive an ultrasound of your carotid artery. Most people are discharged from the hospital within 24 hours after the procedure.
The catheter site may remain tender, swollen and bruised for a few days. There may be a small area of discoloration or a small lump in the area of the puncture. You may take acetaminophen Tylenol, others in the recommended dose as needed for discomfort, or other medication as prescribed by your doctor.
For most people, carotid angioplasty and stenting increase blood flow through the previously blocked artery and reduce the risk of stroke. Seek emergency medical care if your signs and symptoms return, such as trouble walking or speaking, numbness on one side of your body, or other symptoms similar to those you had before your procedure.
Carotid angioplasty and stenting aren't appropriate for everyone. Your doctor can determine if the benefits outweigh the potential risks. Because carotid angioplasty is newer than traditional carotid surgery, long-term results are still under investigation. Talk to your doctor about what results you might expect and what type of follow-up is needed after your procedure.
Explore Mayo Clinic studies of tests and procedures to help prevent, detect, treat or manage conditions. Carotid angioplasty and stenting care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version.
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