In January he completed the Academy and graduated with the rank of a captain. His first appointment was in 5 Army in Damascus in between He was promoted to adjutant major in and appointed to 3 Army in Monastery. He was sent to France in and took part in Picardie Manoeuvres. In he was back in Istanbul and started to work under the Command of General Staff.
Mustafa Kemal and a group of friends took part in Tobruk and Derna Fronts during the war which started in against the Italians who were attacking Tripoli Libya. He won the Battle of Tobruk against the Italian forces on 22 December He greatly contributed to the retrieval of Edirne and Dimetoka Dhidhimotikhon.
In he was appointed to Sofia as the military attache. During his assignment in Sofia he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel.
His duty as the military attache ended in January During his stay in Sofia, the First World War had started and the Ottoman Empire had become obliged to enter in this war. Mustafa Kemal was appointed to Tekirdag to organize the 19 Division. It is in the First World War, which started in , that Mustafa Kemal wrote an heroic epic and made the legend of Dardanelles are Impassable against Entente troops in Gallipoli. On 18 March , when British and French navies failed to break in through the Straits of Dardanelles with heavy losses, the decision to land troops on the Gallipoli peninsula had been given.
Mustafa Kemal was promoted to full colonel after this great success. British forces started attacking again from Ariburnu on August The Turkish nation defended her honour in Gallipoli Battle of Canakkale against Entente States by losing approximately , of her sons to martyrdom.
Mustafa Kemal's famous order to his soldiers "I do not order you to attack, I order you to die", had changed the destiny of this Front. He was promoted to brigadier general in 1 April He took part in the battles against Russian forces by which Mus and Bitlis were liberated. After short duties in Damascus and Aleppo, he returned to Istanbul in He became sick after this trip and received treatment in Vienna and Carlsbad.
At this front he achieved the most successful defensive battles in history against the British forces. And a multitude of new laws established legal equality between the sexes. His policy of state secularism was particularly controversial, and he was accused of decimating important cultural traditions. Mustafa Kemal was married briefly from to , and although he never fathered off-spring, it is said he adopted 12 daughters and one son.
Other sources say he had up to 8 children. In , he introduced surnames in Turkey, and he took the last name Ataturk, which means "Father of the Turks.
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Constantine I was a Roman emperor who ruled early in the 4th century. He was the first Christian emperor and saw the empire begin to become a Christian state. Statesman Samuel Houston was a key political figure in the creation of the state of Texas.
He was elected the first president of the Republic of Texas in Robert Mugabe became prime minister of Zimbabwe in and served as the country's president from until his forced resignation in Previously, he served as the country's defense minister and head of armed forces. These reforms included the emancipation of women, the abolition of all Islamic institutions and the introduction of Western legal codes, dress, calendar and alphabet, replacing the Arabic script with a Latin one.
Abroad he pursued a policy of neutrality, establishing friendly relations with Turkey's neighbours. He died on 10 November Search term:. Read more. This page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets CSS enabled.
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